Linux通过fstab挂载文件，开机自动挂载

注意：示例脚本均为挂载windows文件，挂载其他文件系统请修改正确的文件系统类型

# 编辑fstab文件
vim /etc/fstab
# 增加以下内容 
//192.168.1.10/Datas /Datas cifs auto, username=username, password=password 0 0

手动执行挂载

# 执行
mount -a

设置定时挂载

如果脚本需要使用root权限执行，则切换到root账户下添加定时任务

# 查看定时任务列表
crontab -l 
# 编辑定时任务
crontab –e

# 设置定时挂载
crontab –e  #等同于： `vim` `/var/spool/cron/root`
# 每隔1小时挂载一次
0 */1 * * * mount -a

mount命令挂载

mount -t cifs -o username=username,password=password //192.168.1.10/Datas /Datas

2022-06-07更新

为了方便配置多个文件系统挂载，使用python脚本挂载

说明： 脚本使用ping会导致一些延迟，若时延要求高，可采取心跳检测的方式重写。 umount和ping的操作是为了解决远程主机关闭后导致的磁盘IO阻塞的问题，具体表现为df、ls等命令卡住。 脚本使用环境为ubuntu18.04、python v3.6.9，使用ubuntu默认的cron包作为定时任务的管理端，如下：

# apt show cron
Package: cron
Version: 3.0pl1-128.1ubuntu1.2

#!/usr/bin python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Author: flamingo
@Date : 2022-06-01 10:00
@FileName : mount.py
@Description :
    远程主机文件挂载脚本，脚本默认5分钟挂载一次，若ping通远程主机则挂载，否则卸载。
    忽略重复挂载和卸载不存在的target错误。
    示例为挂载windows系统文件，若需要挂载其他系统请修改mount_script_template参数。

注意：此脚本需要以root用户运行。
     python版本为v3.6.9，高版本subprocess库API不同
     建议创建目录/root/mount/，将脚本移动到此目录，然后执行以下操作。

1、初次运行初始化命令 `python3 mount.py init`
2、修改初始化后输出的配置文件 `mount.toml`
3、执行安装命令 `python3 mount.py install`
"""

import datetime
import os
import subprocess
from os.path import exists
from sys import argv

from toml import load

example_configuration = '''[[devices]]
name = "LINE1 回流焊1#"
username = "admin"
password = "admin"
source = "//192.168.0.8/Datas"
target = "/home/data/"
'''

configure_file_path = "/root/mount/mount.toml"

log_path = "/root/mount/log"

cron_expression = "*/5 * * * *"

mount_script_template = "mount -t cifs -o username={0},password={1} {2} {3}"

umount_script_template = "umount {0}"

# output debug log to `/tmp/mount.log`
debug = False


def init():
    if not os.path.exists(log_path):
        os.mkdir(log_path)
    if exists(configure_file_path):
        log("Configure file already existed.")
        return
    with open(configure_file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fw:
        fw.write(example_configuration)
        log("Initialization successful!")
    pass


def install():
    write_cron_table()
    log("Install successful!")
    pass


def load_config():
    if not exists(configure_file_path):
        log("Mount configure file not found, please run `python3 mount.py init`.")
        exit(1)
    log("Start to load configure file process.")
    with open(configure_file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fr:
        config = load(fr)
    configs = []
    for conf in config['devices']:
        source_split_arr = conf['source'].split('/')
        if len(source_split_arr) < 3:
            log("Configure file error, ip not found. `source` = {}".format(conf['source']))
            exit(1)
        ip = source_split_arr[2]
        conf['ip'] = ip
        configs.append(conf)
    return configs
    pass


def mount():
    configs = load_config()
    for i, conf in enumerate(configs):
        log(" ----- MOUNT START {0} - {1} ----- ".format(i + 1, conf['name']))
        # ping
        ping_script = "ping {} -c 1".format(conf['ip'])
        log("PING: {}".format(ping_script))
        ping_output = subprocess.run(ping_script, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                     encoding='utf-8')
        log("RETURN CODE: " + str(ping_output.returncode))
        log("STDERR: " + ping_output.stderr)
        # umount
        if ping_output.returncode != 0:
            umount_script = umount_script_template.format(conf['target'])
            log("UMOUNT: {}".format(umount_script))
            output = subprocess.run(ping_script, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                    encoding='utf-8')
            log("RETURN CODE: " + str(output.returncode))
            log("STDOUT: " + output.stdout)
            log("STDERR: " + output.stderr)
        else:
            # mount
            mount_script = mount_script_template.format(conf['username'], conf['password'], conf['source'], conf['target'])
            log("MOUNT: {}".format(mount_script))
            output = subprocess.run(mount_script, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                    encoding='utf-8')
            log("RETURN CODE: " + str(output.returncode))
            log("STDOUT: " + output.stdout)
            log("STDERR: " + output.stderr)
            log(" ----- MOUNT END   {0} - {1} ----- ".format(i + 1, conf['name']))
    pass


def log(text_log: str):
    now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
    log_file_name = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d.log')
    if not os.path.exists(log_path):
        os.mkdir(log_path)
    full_path = os.path.join(log_path, log_file_name)
    suffix = "\n"
    if text_log.endswith("\n"):
        suffix = ""
    formatted_log = "[{0}] {1}{2}".format(now, text_log, suffix)
    print(formatted_log)
    if not os.path.exists(full_path):
        with open(full_path, "w+", encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.close()
    with open(full_path, "a+", encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(formatted_log)
    pass


def clean_log(day):
    date = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=day)
    date_int = int(date.strftime("%Y%m%d"))
    list_dirs = os.listdir(log_path)
    for dir_item in list_dirs:
        path_text = os.path.splitext(dir_item)
        if ".log" == path_text[1]:
            if int(path_text[0].replace("-", "")) < date_int:
                full_path = os.path.join(log_path, dir_item)
                try:
                    os.remove(full_path)
                except Exception as e:
                    log("Clean log file error: {}".format(str(e)))
    pass


def write_cron_table():
    pwd_script = "pwd"
    log("PWD: {}".format(pwd_script))
    pwd_output = subprocess.run(pwd_script, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                                encoding='utf-8')
    log("RETURN CODE: " + str(pwd_output.returncode))
    log("STDOUT: " + pwd_output.stdout)
    log("STDERR: " + pwd_output.stderr)
    if pwd_output.returncode != 0:
        log("Run command error: [pwd] " + pwd_output.stderr)
        exit(1)
    script_path = os.path.join(pwd_output.stdout.replace("\n", ""), "mount.py")
    cron_script = '{0} python3 {1}\n'.format(cron_expression, script_path)
    if debug is True:
        cron_script = '{0} python3 {1} >> /tmp/mount.log 2>&1 \n'.format(cron_expression, script_path)
    crontab_record_script = "(crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo \"{0}\") | crontab -".format(cron_script)
    log("CRONTAB RECORD SCRIPT: {}".format(crontab_record_script))
    output = subprocess.run(crontab_record_script, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                            encoding='utf-8')
    log("RETURN CODE: " + str(output.returncode))
    log("STDOUT: " + output.stdout)
    log("STDERR: " + output.stderr)
    if output.returncode != 0:
        log("Run command error: [crontab] " + output.stderr)
        exit(1)
    pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    if len(argv) >= 2:
        if argv[1] == "init":
            init()
            exit(0)
        if argv[1] == "install":
            install()
            exit(0)
    mount()
    clean_log(7)
    exit(0)
    pass